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Scoliosis

A medical condition characterized by an abnormal curvature of the spine. Instead of the spine appearing straight when viewed from the back, it may have an “S” or “C” shape. Scoliosis can develop in both children and adults and may vary in severity.

Scoliosis can be categorized into different types based on the age of onset and underlying causes.

The most common types include:

infantile scoliosis (develops before the age of 3)

juvenile scoliosis (develops between the ages of 3 and 10)

adolescent scoliosis (develops during puberty)

adult scoliosis (develops after skeletal maturity or due to degenerative changes in adulthood)

Causes:

The exact cause of scoliosis is often unknown, and it is classified as idiopathic scoliosis. However, there are several factors that can contribute to its development, including genetic factors, muscle imbalances, neurological conditions, and certain medical conditions like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy.

Symptoms:

Mild scoliosis often doesn’t cause noticeable symptoms and may be detected during a routine examination. However, as the curvature progresses, symptoms such as uneven shoulder or hip levels, a visible curvature of the spine, uneven waistline, muscle imbalances, back pain, fatigue, and difficulty breathing may occur.

Diagnosis:

A physical examination, including a visual assessment of the spine and evaluation of range of motion, is usually the first step in diagnosing scoliosis. X-rays, standing posture analysis, and, in some cases, additional imaging tests like MRI or CT scans may be used to determine the severity and characteristics of the curvature.

Treatment options:

Treatment for scoliosis depends on the severity of the curvature, the age of the patient, and other factors. Mild cases may only require monitoring with periodic check-ups. Treatment options may include:

Observation: Regular monitoring of the curvature through physical examinations and X-rays to ensure it doesn’t progress significantly.

Bracing: Wearing a brace, typically during growth years, to prevent further progression of the curvature.

Physical therapy and exercises: Specific exercises and stretches can help improve posture, strengthen core muscles, and manage pain associated with scoliosis.

Surgery: In severe cases where the curvature is progressive or causes significant symptoms, spinal fusion surgery may be recommended. The procedure involves fusing vertebrae together with the help of metal rods, hooks, screws, or wires to correct and stabilize the spine.

Physical therapy and exercises

Stretching exercises

Strengthening exercises

Therapeutic massage

Postural exercises

Postural corrections

Balance exercises